- Barriers protecting against external injury
- Skin
- Sweats is acidic
- Epidermis has low pH
- Gut and respiratory tract
- Mucus traps, solubilises and disposes unwanted foreign materials
- Macromolecules
- Proteins in extracellular fluid
- Highy specialised cells
- Recognition and elimination
- Innate/ Natural
- Available the first time on encounter
- No previous exposure
- Not modified by repeated exposure
- Adaptive/ Acquired
- Modified after exposure
- More active on repeated exposure
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