Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)

Fig1: Atrial Septal Defect

Fig 2: Atrial Septal Defect.

Eighty-five per cent of ASDs are of the secundum type, 11% of the primum type and 4% sinus venosus defects involving the inferior vena cava (IVC) or superior vena cava (SVC).

Fig 3:
SVASD = Sinus Venosus Atrial Septal Defect;
OSASD = Ostium Secundum Atrial Septal Defect;
OPASD = Ostium Primum Atrial Septal Defect.

Clinical signs are rarely present. When people present in middle age with symptoms this usually relates to the development of progressive pulmonary vascular disease, pulmonary arterial hypertrophy and a change in the direction of flow across the shunt (left to right changes to right to left).

Many ASDs are now being closed using percutaneous closure devices.

Fig 4: ASD Closure

Fig 5: Percutaneous Closure Device (Core-Helex)

Source: Fig 1, Fig 2, Fig 3, Fig 4, Fig 5