The thyroid gland develops from the thyroglossal duct starting at the back of the tongue. It has follicular and parafollicular cells, the latter secreting calcitonin. The follicular cells secrete thyroglobulin and iodine into the colloid, which is stored in the follicular lumen. They then reabsorb thyroglobulin from the colloid and secrete T3 and T4 into the blood stream.
An enlarged thyroid may cause Horner’s syndrome due to compression of the sympathetic trunk
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