Wernicke’s encephalopathy

Wernicke’s encephalopathy typically presents with ophthalmoplegia (horizontal and vertical nystagmus, weakness / paralysis of the lateral rectus muscles, weakness / paralysis of conjugate gaze), ataxia (predominantly affecting stance or gait, and often without clear-cut intention tremor) and confusion.

Horizontal nystagmus



Vertical nystagmus




Lateral rectus muscle


Conjugate gaze

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