High prolactin levels may be seen in prolactinomas or any other pituitary or non-pituitary tumours where pressure from the tumour mass on the pituitary stalk functionally disconnects the inhibitory input from the hypothalamus. Some growth hormone secreting adenomas also secrete prolactin.
Low levels of certain pituitary hormones occur due to local effects of the pituitary adenoma (whether secretory or non-secretory). Secondary hypothyroidism due to lack of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), adrenocortical deficiency due to lack of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), low IGF-1 associated with growth hormone deficiency and low testosterone associated with FSH and LH deficiency (hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism) can all occur together, in different combinations or on their own.
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